Since there are not many sources left regarding the pre-war propagating activities of the Tendai sect in Hawaii, the details are unknown. In the 1940 Japan-Hawaii Almanac, the following was recorded: “The Tendai Fudo-son temple located at 834 South Hotel Street in Honolulu was established on April 15, 1918. It was officially designated as a center for the propagation of Tendai Buddhism on September 29, 1930 and was raised to the position of head temple, the Tendai Mission of Hawaii Betsuin, by the Abbot of the Tendai sect, Koei Umetani, on August 10, 1933. Until January 1, 1936, it was managed by its founder, the Reverend Sengaku Tanaka, and on June 19, 1935, the missionary Reverend Tetsushun Sakamoto, who is currently the head priest of the Hawaii Betsuin, was sent by Abbot Koei Umetani.” The first head minister, the Reverend Sengaku Tanaka, was born in Shiga Prefecture. The letter which he later in his life sent to the Religious Affairs Section requesting that more ministers be sent to Hawaii since he could not hold up under the burden of propagating activities remains in the Religious Affairs Section. In response to this letter, Rev. Tetsushun Sakamoto, the head of Yokokura-ji in Gifu Prefecture, was sent together with his wife. Although he was well educated and had a favorable reputation as a progressive missionary, he returned to Japan in 1939 due to poor health. After that, lay members, particularly Suekichi Murashima and Shigenori Omokawa, maintained the Fudo Hall, but World War II broke out and the temple was forced to close when it became difficult to maintain in 1950. In 1972 the Overseas Missionary Society was established with the Rev. Jion Haba, the former chairman of the Religious Affairs Section, as its central figure. The Reverend Toko Kon became its first president. In May 1973, the Castle Family’s land and house were purchased with the help of L.T. Kagawa and Takeo Suemura and the Tendai Mission of Hawaii Betsuin founded. In November of the same year, the head Tendai priest, the Reverend Eikai Sugawara, led 350 delegates consisting of ministers and lay members to Hawaii to officially celebrate the opening of the Hawaii Betsuin and dedicated the principle object of worship, Yakushi Nyorai. Reverend Ryokan Ara was assigned as the first Bishop. Although propagating activities had been going on before the war, those who had been involved were no longer around so it was necessary to literally start from zero. In addition, because the Tendai sect of Buddhism was the oldest in Japan, its propagation in a different cultural context in a foreign land was extremely difficult. However, the temple gradually increased its membership by means of cultural activities and continued such religious activities as the Yakushi Nyorai (Healing Buddha) services, Fudo (Immovable Buddha) services, and Amida Buddha (Buddha of Infinite Life and Light) services. Meanwhile, it had been decided that “Ichigu Undo” (Illuminate your Corner Movement) in Japan also be carried out in Hawaii. In 1975 the Hawaii chapter of the “One Corner Association” was established by inviting Archbishop of the Shoren-in Monzeki, Jiko Higashifushimi as its honorary president. Since then, many of the leaders of Hawaii’s Japanese-American Community have joined this organization and have been carrying on such wide-ranged social activities as the “A little Kindness Movement” and the “Research Society of the History of Hawaii’s Immigrants.” In 1978 what had until that time been the Tendai Cultural Classrooms was expanded into the Hawaii Institute of Arts, where instruction in such arts as Japanese painting, dyeing and calligraphy has been offered to the American artists of Japanese ancestry. Presently this is the sole Institute of Arts of its kind in Hawaii. In 1982 the management of the Waikiki-Kapahulu Japanese Language School was entrusted to the Tendai Mission and the school was established as the Hawaii Institute which, as a cultural center for youth, has provided education in such subjects as an ancient Japanese martial arts and the Japanese language. From “Tendai Mission Review”, published in March, 2000 by Tendai Buddhist Sect Overseas Charitable Foundation.